Group 1- 1920's Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British EmpireGandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire took place in the 1920's, a decade when civil disobedience was put into action by many. This rampant attitude of civil disobedience was not exclusive to India- in America during this time period, speakeasiesreflected this new independent spirit. This group acted against a law that they found ridiculous: prohibition, or the ban of alcohol countrywide. This movement was successful- in 1933, the United States Government passed the 21st Amendment, repealing prohibition. Accounts of widespread acts of civil disobedience such a this one seem to show that a law only has as much power as the people are willing to give it. It was against this backdrop that, on the other side of the world, Gandhi began his famous nonviolent war for independence.
5. The British Salt Act is the picture shown below. The picture was took in March of 1930.
7. In order to set India free from the British in 1930 Gandhi started a protest/march against the British salt tax. The salt tax essentially made it illegal to produce and sell at the time. It also made it illegal for workers to freely collect there own salt from the coasts of India. Also the British made the workers even pay for it when they couldn't afford it. The protest went on for 2 months after walking a 240 mile walk which took 23 days, and even if Gandhi was a 78 years old he didn't care because he was doing it for the country.
15. Two following questions to contribute to the scavenger hunt:
1. Did Gandhi face any risks or inclement things while performing his tasks?
2. During his protest's did Gandhi have any people who were against him?
#2 The following slideshow is a slideshow of signifigant events in Gandhi's life, including where he was born, where he practiced law, why he returned to India, when he was arrested, where he traveled to to push for the rights of South African Indians, who he was assassinated by, and more.
#4 The following is a link to a 1931 newspaper article that focuses on the acts of civil disobedience that Gandhi performed in order to win India's right to self-govern, as well as the troubles that he now faced as the leader of this young nation.
This next link is from 1930. Written before the previous article, it briefly highlights Mahatma's plan to march to the sea with his small army of followers, which was one of the main factors in India gaining its independence from Britain.
#9 Mahatma Gandhi worked for many years to secure India's independence from Britain. He wanted home rule for his country, and wished to gain it through nonviolent resistance.This powerful movement was based on Gandhi's idea of //Satyagraha//,which stressed the principle that it was not absolute victory over an opponent which was important, rather the arrival at a new harmony between opposing groups. One of the most central parts of this movement, which came to be known as Swaraj, was economic independence from Great Britain. This was most notably achieved through the boycott of all British goods in an attempt to halt the exploitation of Indian workers. Devout and firm in his beliefs, Gandhi soon became the symbol of a free India. His many devoted followers thought of him as a saint and gave him the title Mahatma, which was reserved for the greatest sages. The British government was wary of this revolutionist, and Gandhi was jailed several times. However, he continued to fight for independence until it was granted in 1947, but was unhappy with the outcome- India and Pakistan became separate states, and there was much violence between them. Despite the Mahatma's revered reputation, he was assassinated by a fanatic Hindu on January 30, 1948, ending his campaign forever. A more thorough history of the Swaraj movement can be found through the following link:http://www.kamat.com/mmgandhi/gandhi.htm
#6 The following website is a link to an article that takes an opposing view on Gandhi's act of civil disobedience:
This article by Daniel Greenfield, which was published in August 2008, discusses an opposing view on civil disobedience. It states that Gandhi's tactic of non-violence is foolishly credited with the peaceful liberation of India. In other words, the author of this article believes that the liberation of India was not caused by Gandhi's acts of civil disobedience. The author of this article also believes that non-violence is redundant. For example, Greenfield states, "The political victories of non-violence have come mainly from a nation that wanted a peaceful outcome seeing violent suppression of protesters through violent law enforcement tactics." This shows you that the author does not support the idea of non-violence. Instead, he believes that it fails against opponents who really want to conquer you and will do whatever it takes to see it happen.
#3 Biography
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born October 2, 1869 in British India and died January 30, 1948 in New Delhi (He was 78 years old). He attended University of London for school, and became the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India. His parents were Putlibai Gandhi (mother) and Karamchand Gandhi (father). One of his major accomplishments that stuck out when i was reading about him was the Struggle for Indian Independence. This was going on during World War I in 1914. Later, the British becaome restricted by the milatias, which left Gandhi and others in extreme poverty. Meanwhile, the British were trying to raise taxes. While there, Gandhi recorded scores about his veteran supporters and volunteers from the region. He kept track of the village and how much suffering the people went through. When he finished his recoding, he decided to clean up the village. He started to build schools, hospitals, and eventually, disowned many socials evils. During this act, he was arrested and charged for creating unrest. He was forced to leave the provice. Since everybody knew about this dispute, the people protested. Many people roited and soon, Gandhi was released. As soon as he left, he started organizing protests against the ladlords who signed agreements which granted the poor farmers more control. Became he become known around the nation for his brave act, he was know as the, "Father of the Nation" in India. Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948 by a Hindu Nationalist, Nathuram Godse.
13. The following is a list of individuals throughout history that were inspired by Gandhi's idea of nonviolent protest:
Martin Luther King, Jr.was greatly influenced by Gandhi's idea of satygrapha. He understood the concept, and believed that the force of an individual's moral character was enough to changean unjust law or rule.
Nelson Mandela also had a very high opinion of Gandhi, and wrote an article about him in the Jan 3, 2000 issue of Time magazine that focused on "People of the Century".
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India, had great respect for Gandhi's work in gaining India's independence.
14. There are many pieces of literature in which were inspired by Gandhi. There have been many documentaries and movies about Gandhi's beliefs and life. For example, the movie Gandhi was released in 1982. This movie was a biography of Gandhi's life. It won a total of 8 Oscars, including best picture, 9 Academy Awards, 26 other wins, and an additional 16 nominations. The trailior for Gandhi can be viewed on the following link: IMDb Video: Gandhi: Trailer
Gandhi has also been an inspiration and played by actors in many other films as well. A list of 41 movies that have contained the characher of Gandhi can be found on the following link: Gandhi: Filmography
Martin Luther King Jr., who was a prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement, was inspired by Gandhi to lead non-violent protests. He is well known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights, using nonviolent methods inspired by Gandhi. Martin Luther King is additionally well know for his "I Have a Dream" speech, which can be viewed at the following link: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.: I Have a Dream
10.
"Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note,
As his corse to the rampart we hurried;
Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot
O'er the grave where out hero was buried."
This quote, from Thoreau's essay, compares to Gandhi's event in various ways. The quote means that there was no deaths due to shooting or violence, because civil disobedience was present. This relates to Gandhi's event because like the quote, he used civil disobedience, rather than violence. For example,
11. Gandhi was punished for many things. During the Indian Independence Movement, Gandhi was thrown in jail for cleaning up the area and making a change. Because the people liked him, they rebelled and rioted until Gandhi was set free. When Gandhi was finally free, he began breaking the rules again. The death penalty was another punishment the people had to deal with. The death penalty was a very common death during the witchcraft era. Other then punishments Gandhi faced, other people faced other punishments in the 1920's. Being Hanged was also another punishment. Being hanged was a common punishment also because it was a quick death and also other people could watch. Punishments were often crewl and quick. People were killed if the consequence was sever and others were minor, such as Gandhi cleaning his area that was a dump.
12. Back in the 1920's, if a person raped another person, their penalty would be death. A person would most likely be hanged. Today, a person would be prosecuted and then convicted. If a person was to riot or go against the law in the 1920's they would be sent to jail. Today, people would be sent to jail as well, but they would also be charged for disturbing the peace and also not having a permit. If a person were to beat another person in the 1920's, that person would get arrested. Today, the same consequence. They would also lose their job because a company doesn't want a person who beats people or has a record. The Indian Independence Movement impacted the people because when Gandhi was sent to jail for cleaning the town, the people rioted and wanted him back to help clean more and make the society better. When the people finally won and Gandhi was set free, you could tell the people were relieved because they had someone to help them make society better.
marissa Marissa's journal
Becca Becca's Journals
Arturo Arturo's Journal
Group 1- 1920's Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British EmpireGandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire took place in the 1920's, a decade when civil disobedience was put into action by many. This rampant attitude of civil disobedience was not exclusive to India- in America during this time period, speakeasiesreflected this new independent spirit. This group acted against a law that they found ridiculous: prohibition, or the ban of alcohol countrywide. This movement was successful- in 1933, the United States Government passed the 21st Amendment, repealing prohibition. Accounts of widespread acts of civil disobedience such a this one seem to show that a law only has as much power as the people are willing to give it. It was against this backdrop that, on the other side of the world, Gandhi began his famous nonviolent war for independence.
#1 Timeline: 1920-1930
1920: Women granted the right to vote in the U.S.
1921: Irish Free State proclaimed.
A newspaper article on the Irish Free State that appeared in the New York Times in 1921
1922: Mussolini marches on Rome.
1923: Hitler is jailed after an attempted coup.
1924: The first Olympic Winter Games are held.
1925: The Scopes Trial takes place.
1926: The first assassination attempt on Mussolini is made.
This is a link to a brief article that appeared in a Salt Lake City newspaper shortly following the assassination attempt.
1927: Lindebergh flies solo across the Atlantic.
1928: Kellogg-Briand Pact outlaws war.
1929: The Stock market crashes.
5. The British Salt Act is the picture shown below. The picture was took in March of 1930.
7. In order to set India free from the British in 1930 Gandhi started a protest/march against the British salt tax. The salt tax essentially made it illegal to produce and sell at the time. It also made it illegal for workers to freely collect there own salt from the coasts of India. Also the British made the workers even pay for it when they couldn't afford it. The protest went on for 2 months after walking a 240 mile walk which took 23 days, and even if Gandhi was a 78 years old he didn't care because he was doing it for the country.
15. Two following questions to contribute to the scavenger hunt:
1. Did Gandhi face any risks or inclement things while performing his tasks?
2. During his protest's did Gandhi have any people who were against him?
#2 The following slideshow is a slideshow of signifigant events in Gandhi's life, including where he was born, where he practiced law, why he returned to India, when he was arrested, where he traveled to to push for the rights of South African Indians, who he was assassinated by, and more.
Gandhi - slideshow with music
#4 The following is a link to a 1931 newspaper article that focuses on the acts of civil disobedience that Gandhi performed in order to win India's right to self-govern, as well as the troubles that he now faced as the leader of this young nation.
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aihYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=I0UNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6076,2114386&dq=mahatma+gandhi+news+1920s&hl=en
This next link is from 1930. Written before the previous article, it briefly highlights Mahatma's plan to march to the sea with his small army of followers, which was one of the main factors in India gaining its independence from Britain.
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Z78aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=B0sEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1266,6414409&dq=mahatma+gandhi&hl=en
#9
Mahatma Gandhi worked for many years to secure India's independence from Britain. He wanted home rule for his country, and wished to gain it through nonviolent resistance.This powerful movement was based on Gandhi's idea of //Satyagraha//, which stressed the principle that it was not absolute victory over an opponent which was important, rather the arrival at a new harmony between opposing groups. One of the most central parts of this movement, which came to be known as Swaraj, was economic independence from Great Britain. This was most notably achieved through the boycott of all British goods in an attempt to halt the exploitation of Indian workers. Devout and firm in his beliefs, Gandhi soon became the symbol of a free India. His many devoted followers thought of him as a saint and gave him the title Mahatma, which was reserved for the greatest sages. The British government was wary of this revolutionist, and Gandhi was jailed several times. However, he continued to fight for independence until it was granted in 1947, but was unhappy with the outcome- India and Pakistan became separate states, and there was much violence between them. Despite the Mahatma's revered reputation, he was assassinated by a fanatic Hindu on January 30, 1948, ending his campaign forever. A more thorough history of the Swaraj movement can be found through the following link: http://www.kamat.com/mmgandhi/gandhi.htm
#6 The following website is a link to an article that takes an opposing view on Gandhi's act of civil disobedience:
Why Gandhi was Wrong- Non-violence Doesn't Work
This article by Daniel Greenfield, which was published in August 2008, discusses an opposing view on civil disobedience. It states that Gandhi's tactic of non-violence is foolishly credited with the peaceful liberation of India. In other words, the author of this article believes that the liberation of India was not caused by Gandhi's acts of civil disobedience. The author of this article also believes that non-violence is redundant. For example, Greenfield states, "The political victories of non-violence have come mainly from a nation that wanted a peaceful outcome seeing violent suppression of protesters through violent law enforcement tactics." This shows you that the author does not support the idea of non-violence. Instead, he believes that it fails against opponents who really want to conquer you and will do whatever it takes to see it happen.
#3 Biography
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born October 2, 1869 in British India and died January 30, 1948 in New Delhi (He was 78 years old). He attended University of London for school, and became the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India. His parents were Putlibai Gandhi (mother) and Karamchand Gandhi (father). One of his major accomplishments that stuck out when i was reading about him was the Struggle for Indian Independence. This was going on during World War I in 1914. Later, the British becaome restricted by the milatias, which left Gandhi and others in extreme poverty. Meanwhile, the British were trying to raise taxes. While there, Gandhi recorded scores about his veteran supporters and volunteers from the region. He kept track of the village and how much suffering the people went through. When he finished his recoding, he decided to clean up the village. He started to build schools, hospitals, and eventually, disowned many socials evils. During this act, he was arrested and charged for creating unrest. He was forced to leave the provice. Since everybody knew about this dispute, the people protested. Many people roited and soon, Gandhi was released. As soon as he left, he started organizing protests against the ladlords who signed agreements which granted the poor farmers more control. Became he become known around the nation for his brave act, he was know as the, "Father of the Nation" in India. Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948 by a Hindu Nationalist, Nathuram Godse.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi#Struggle_for_Indian_Independence_.281915.E2.80.931945.29
#5 Live footage from the Indian Independence Movement
Watch Beginning of Indian Independence at EncycloMedia.com
Pictures from the Indian Independence Movement
13. The following is a list of individuals throughout history that were inspired by Gandhi's idea of nonviolent protest:
Martin Luther King, Jr.was greatly influenced by Gandhi's idea of satygrapha. He understood the concept, and believed that the force of an individual's moral character was enough to changean unjust law or rule.
Nelson Mandela also had a very high opinion of Gandhi, and wrote an article about him in the Jan 3, 2000 issue of Time magazine that focused on "People of the Century".
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India, had great respect for Gandhi's work in gaining India's independence.
14. There are many pieces of literature in which were inspired by Gandhi. There have been many documentaries and movies about Gandhi's beliefs and life. For example, the movie Gandhi was released in 1982. This movie was a biography of Gandhi's life. It won a total of 8 Oscars, including best picture, 9 Academy Awards, 26 other wins, and an additional 16 nominations. The trailior for Gandhi can be viewed on the following link: IMDb Video: Gandhi: Trailer
Gandhi has also been an inspiration and played by actors in many other films as well. A list of 41 movies that have contained the characher of Gandhi can be found on the following link: Gandhi: Filmography
Martin Luther King Jr., who was a prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement, was inspired by Gandhi to lead non-violent protests. He is well known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights, using nonviolent methods inspired by Gandhi. Martin Luther King is additionally well know for his "I Have a Dream" speech, which can be viewed at the following link: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.: I Have a Dream
10.
"Not a drum was heard, not a funeral note,
As his corse to the rampart we hurried;
Not a soldier discharged his farewell shot
O'er the grave where out hero was buried."
This quote, from Thoreau's essay, compares to Gandhi's event in various ways. The quote means that there was no deaths due to shooting or violence, because civil disobedience was present. This relates to Gandhi's event because like the quote, he used civil disobedience, rather than violence. For example,
11. Gandhi was punished for many things. During the Indian Independence Movement, Gandhi was thrown in jail for cleaning up the area and making a change. Because the people liked him, they rebelled and rioted until Gandhi was set free. When Gandhi was finally free, he began breaking the rules again. The death penalty was another punishment the people had to deal with. The death penalty was a very common death during the witchcraft era. Other then punishments Gandhi faced, other people faced other punishments in the 1920's. Being Hanged was also another punishment. Being hanged was a common punishment also because it was a quick death and also other people could watch. Punishments were often crewl and quick. People were killed if the consequence was sever and others were minor, such as Gandhi cleaning his area that was a dump.
http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/part-i-history-death-penalty12. Back in the 1920's, if a person raped another person, their penalty would be death. A person would most likely be hanged. Today, a person would be prosecuted and then convicted. If a person was to riot or go against the law in the 1920's they would be sent to jail. Today, people would be sent to jail as well, but they would also be charged for disturbing the peace and also not having a permit. If a person were to beat another person in the 1920's, that person would get arrested. Today, the same consequence. They would also lose their job because a company doesn't want a person who beats people or has a record. The Indian Independence Movement impacted the people because when Gandhi was sent to jail for cleaning the town, the people rioted and wanted him back to help clean more and make the society better. When the people finally won and Gandhi was set free, you could tell the people were relieved because they had someone to help them make society better.
http://www.suite101.com/content/consequences-of-sexual-assault-a152772http://www.abc24.com/news/local/story/Memphis-Police-Officer-Fired-Accused-of-Beating/p92mTont1U6Me_gGJjZ6WQ.cspx?p=Comments